Clinical feature: 

Definition: The group of inherited diseases of heterotopic bone formation includes hereditary bone disorders characterized by the formation of nomal bone tissue (osteogenesis) outside of the skeleton, within soft tissuesUsually the normal skeleton also shows a variable degree of malformation.

Literature: 

Barnett CP et al. (2011) Late-onset variant fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva leading to misdiagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis.
Beratis NG et al. (1976) Alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts from fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Bocciardi R et al. (2009) Mutational analysis of the ACVR1 gene in Italian patients affected with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: confirmations and advancements.
Cohen RB et al. (1993) The natural history of heterotopic ossification in patients who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. A study of forty-four patients.
Connor JM et al. (1982) Genetic aspects of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Connor JM et al. (1993) A three generation family with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Daltroff G et al. (1992) [Fibromatosis and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. An avoidable diagnostic error].
de la Peña LS et al. (2005) Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a disorder of ectopic osteogenesis, misregulates cell surface expression and trafficking of BMPRIA.
Feldman G et al. (2000) Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, a heritable disorder of severe heterotopic ossification, maps to human chromosome 4q27-31.
Fontaine K et al. (2005) A new mutation of the noggin gene in a French Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) family.
Furuya H et al. (2008) A unique case of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva with an ACVR1 mutation, G356D, other than the common mutation (R206H).
Janoff HB et al. (1996) Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in two half-sisters: evidence for maternal mosaicism.
Kan L et al. (2004) Transgenic mice overexpressing BMP4 develop a fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)-like phenotype.
Kaplan FS et al. (1993) Genetic transmission of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Report of a family.
Kaplan FS et al. (1993) The histopathology of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. An endochondral process.
Kaplan FS et al. (2008) Response to "Mutations of the NOGGIN and of the activin A type I receptor genes in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)" by Lucotte et al.
Kaplan FS et al. (2009) Classic and atypical fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) phenotypes are caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ACVR1.
Kitterman JA et al. (2005) Iatrogenic harm caused by diagnostic errors in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Lin GT et al. (2006) De novo 617G-A nucleotide mutation in the ACVR1 gene in a Taiwanese patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Lucotte G et al. (2000) Localization of the gene for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) to chromosome 17q21-22.
Lucotte G et al. (2007) Mutations of the noggin and of the activin A type I receptor genes in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP).
Lucotte G et al. (1999) A de novo heterozygous deletion of 42 base-pairs in the noggin gene of a fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva patient.
Maxwell WA et al. (1977) Histochemical and ultrastructural studies in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (myositis ossificans progressiva).
Nakajima M et al. (2007) The ACVR1 617G>A mutation is also recurrent in three Japanese patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Petrie KA et al. (2009) Novel mutations in ACVR1 result in atypical features in two fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva patients.
Rogers JG et al. (1979) Paternal age effect in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Rogers JG et al. (1979) Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. A survey of forty-two cases.
Schroeder HW et al. (1980) The hand and foot malformations in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Seemann P et al. (2008) The tale of FOP, NOGGIN and myristoylation: no data, no proof!
Sémonin O et al. (2001) Identification of three novel mutations of the noggin gene in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Shafritz AB et al. (1996) Overexpression of an osteogenic morphogen in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Shimono K et al. (2011) Potent inhibition of heterotopic ossification by nuclear retinoic acid receptor-\x{03b3} agonists.
Shore EM et al. (2006) A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Smith R et al. (1976) Myositis ossificans progressiva. Clinical features of eight patients and their response to treatment.
Tünte W et al. (1967) [On the genetics of myositis ossificans progressiva].
Warman ML et al. (2002) Significant difference of opinion regarding the role of noggin in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Xu MQ et al. (2002) Reported noggin mutations are PCR errors.
Xu MQ et al. (2000) Linkage exclusion and mutational analysis of the noggin gene in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP).
Adegbite NS et al. (2008) Diagnostic and mutational spectrum of progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) and other forms of GNAS-based heterotopic ossification.
Athanasou NA et al. () Progressive osseous heteroplasia: a case report.
Bastepe M et al. (2005) GNAS locus and pseudohypoparathyroidism.
Brook CG et al. (1971) Osteoma cutis and Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy.
Eddy MC et al. (2000) Deficiency of the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G protein and severe extraskeletal ossification.
Faust RA et al. (2003) Progressive osseous heteroplasia in the face of a child.
Fawcett HA et al. (1983) Hereditary osteoma cutis.
Gardner RJ et al. (1988) Familial ectopic ossification.
Izraeli S et al. (1992) Albright hereditary osteodystrophy with hypothyroidism, normocalcemia, and normal Gs protein activity: a family presenting with congenital osteoma cutis.
Kaplan FS et al. (1994) Progressive osseous heteroplasia: a distinct developmental disorder of heterotopic ossification. Two new case reports and follow-up of three previously reported cases.
MacLean GD et al. (1966) Connective tissue ossification presenting in the skin.
Rosenfeld SR et al. (1995) Progressive osseous heteroplasia in male patients. Two new case reports.
Schmidt AH et al. (1994) Hemimelic progressive osseous heteroplasia. A case report.
Shore EM et al. (2002) Paternally inherited inactivating mutations of the GNAS1 gene in progressive osseous heteroplasia.
Stoll C et al. () Progressive osseous heteroplasia: an uncommon cause of ossification of soft tissues.
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